Compare Haiti (2003) - Christmas Island (2005)

Compare Haiti (2003) z Christmas Island (2005)

	Haiti (2003)	Christmas Island (2005)

Administrative divisions	9 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand 'Anse, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est	none (territory of Australia)
Age structure	0-14 years: 42.7% (male 1,637,853; female 1,575,893) 15-64 years: 53.6% (male 1,962,975; female 2,073,353) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 131,784; female 145,959) (2003 est.)	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Agriculture - products	coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood	NA
Airports	12 (2002)	1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 6 (2002)	-
Area	total: 27,750 sq km land: 27,560 sq km water: 190 sq km	total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Maryland	about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC
Background	The native Arawak Amerindians - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Columbus in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola, and in 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island - Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean, but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE and after a prolonged struggle, became the first black republic to declare its independence in 1804. Haiti has been plagued by political violence for most of its history since then, and it is now one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere. Over three decades of dictatorship followed by military rule ended in 1990 when Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE was elected president. Most of his term was usurped by a military takeover, but he was able to return to office in 1994 and oversee the installation of a close associate to the presidency in 1996. ARISTIDE won a second term as president in 2000, and took office early in 2001. However, a political crisis stemming from fraudulent legislative elections in 2000 has not yet been resolved.	Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement was begun by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park.
Birth rate	34.06 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	NA
Budget	revenues: $273 million expenditures: $361 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 00/01 est.)	revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA
Capital	Port-au-Prince	The Settlement
Climate	tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds	tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season December to April
Coastline	1,771 km	138.9 km
Constitution	approved March 1987; suspended June 1988, with most articles reinstated March 1989; in October 1991, government claimed to be observing the constitution; return to constitutional rule, October 1994	Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958)
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Haiti conventional short form: Haiti local long form: Republique d'Haiti local short form: Haiti	conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island
Currency	gourde (HTG)	-
Death rate	13.36 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	NA
Debt - external	$1.2 billion (1999)	-
Dependency status	-	territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador James B. Foley embassy: 5 Harry S Truman Boulevard, Port-au-Prince mailing address: P. O. Box 1761, Port-au-Prince telephone: [509] 222-0354, 222-0368, 222-0200, 222-0612 FAX: [509] 223-1641	none (territory of Australia)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chief of Mission Harry Frantz LEO chancery: 2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-4090 FAX: [1] (202) 745-7215 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)	none (territory of Australia)
Disputes - international	despite efforts to control illegal migration, destitute Haitians continue to cross into Dominican Republic; claims US-administered Navassa Island	none
Economic aid - recipient	$120 million (FY02)	NA
Economy - overview	About 80% of the population lives in abject poverty. Nearly 70% of all Haitians depend on the agriculture sector, which consists mainly of small-scale subsistence farming and employs about two-thirds of the economically active work force. Following legislative elections in May 2000, fraught with irregularities, international donors - including the US and EU - suspended almost all aid to Haiti. The economy shrank an estimated 1.2% in 2001 and an estimated 0.9% in 2002. The contraction will likely intensify in 2003 unless a political agreement with donors is reached on economic policy. Suspended aid and loan disbursements totaled more than $500 million at the start of 2003.	Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993. The casino closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, projected to begin operations in the near future
Electricity - consumption	539.4 million kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production	580 million kWh (2001)	-
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 60.3% hydro: 39.7% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Murray Hill 361 m
Environment - current issues	extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban	-
Ethnic groups	black 95%, mulatto and white 5%	Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10% note: no indigenous population (2001)
Exchange rates	gourdes per US dollar - 29.25 (2002), 24.43 (2001), 21.17 (2000), 16.94 (1999), 16.77 (1998)	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001), 1.7248 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 February 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Yvon NEPTUNE (since 4 March 2002); note - former Prime Minister CHERESTAL resigned in January 2002 cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly election results: Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE elected president; percent of vote - Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 92%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general head of government: Administrator Evan WILLIAMS (since 1 November 2003) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia
Exports	NA (2001)	NA
Exports - commodities	manufactures, coffee, oils, cocoa	phosphate
Exports - partners	US 83.9%, Dominican Republic 6.6%, Canada 2.4% (2002)	Australia, NZ
Fiscal year	1 October - 30 September	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)	the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory
GDP	purchasing power parity - $10.6 billion (2002 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 30% industry: 20% services: 50% (2001 est.)	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,400 (2002 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	-0.9% (2002 est.)	NA
Geographic coordinates	19 00 N, 72 25 W	10 30 S, 105 40 E
Geography - note	shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)	located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean
Highways	total: 4,160 km paved: 1,011 km unpaved: 3,149 km (1999 est.)	total: 240 km paved: 30 km unpaved: 210 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	-
Illicit drugs	major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption	-
Imports	NA (2001)	NA
Imports - commodities	food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials	consumer goods
Imports - partners	US 53.4%, Dominican Republic 5.3%, Colombia 3.4% (2002)	principally Australia
Independence	1 January 1804 (from France)	none (territory of Australia)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	-
Industries	sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, light assembly industries based on imported parts	tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)
Infant mortality rate	total: 76.01 deaths/1,000 live births male: 81.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 70.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	11.9% (2001 est.)	-
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, Caricom, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	3 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	750 sq km (1998 est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation	Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court
Labor force	3.6 million note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (1995)	NA
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9%	NA
Land boundaries	total: 360 km border countries: Dominican Republic 360 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 20.32% permanent crops: 12.7% other: 66.98% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park (2001)
Languages	French (official), Creole (official)	English (official), Chinese, Malay
Legal system	based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law
Legislative branch	bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists of the Senate (27 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies (83 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held for two-thirds of seats 21 May 2000, with runoffs on 9 July boycotted by the opposition; seven seats still disputed; election for remaining one-third held on 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 21 May 2000, with runoffs on 30 July boycotted by the opposition; one vacant seat rerun 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 26, independent 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 73, MOCHRENA 3, PLB 2, OPL 1, vacant 1, other minor parties and independents 3	unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 3 May 2003 (next to be held in 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 9
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 51.61 years male: 50.36 years female: 52.92 years (2003 est.)	total population: NA male: NA female: NA
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 52.9% male: 54.8% female: 51.2% (2003 est.)	NA
Location	Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic	Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Map references	Central America and the Caribbean	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: to depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	-
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of Australia
Military branches	Haitian National Police (HNP) note: the regular Haitian Army, Navy, and Air Force have been demobilized but still exist on paper until or unless they are constitutionally abolished	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$50 million (FY00)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.3% (FY00)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 1,735,845 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 944,474 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 94,349 (2003 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 1 January (1804)	Australia Day, 26 January (1788)
Nationality	noun: Haitian(s) adjective: Haitian	noun: Christmas Islander(s) adjective: Christmas Island
Natural hazards	lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts	the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower	phosphate, beaches
Net migration rate	-4.03 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	NA
People - note	-	the Australian Bureau of Statistics reports a population of 1,508 as of the 2001 Census
Political parties and leaders	Alliance for the Liberation and Advancement of Haiti or ALAH [Reynold GEORGES]; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Convergence (opposition coalition composed of ESPACE, OPL, and MOCHRENA) [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES, Evans PAUL, Luc MESADIEU, Victor BENOIT]; Democratic Consultation Group coalition or ESPACE [Evans PAUL, Victor BENOIT] composed of the following parties: National Congress of Democratic Movements or KONAKOM, National Progressive Revolutionary Party or PANPRA, Generation 2004, and Haiti Can; Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [Marie-France CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic Party or PADEM [Clark PARENT]; Lavalas Family or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert DE RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN [Rene THEODORE]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; Movement for the Organization of the Country or MOP [Gesner COMEAU and Jean MOLIERE]; National Cooperative Action Movement or MKN [Volrick Remy JOSEPH]; National Front for Change and Democracy or FNCD [Evans PAUL and Turneb DELPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Open the Gate or PLB [Renaud BERNARDIN]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES]	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	Autonomous Haitian Workers or CATH; Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS; National Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP; Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP; Roman Catholic Church	none
Population	7,527,817 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)	361 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	80% (2002 est.)	-
Population growth rate	1.67% (2003 est.)	0% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Jeremie, Les Cayes, Miragoane, Port-au-Prince, Port-de-Paix, Saint-Marc	Flying Fish Cove
Radio broadcast stations	AM 41, FM 26, shortwave 0 (1999)	AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 0 (2004)
Railways	total: 40 km narrow gauge: 40 km 0.760-m gauge; single-track note: privately owned industrial line; closed in early 1990s (2001 est.)	-
Religions	Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3% (1982) note: roughly half of the population also practices Voodoo	Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	NA
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	-
Telephone system	general assessment: domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better domestic: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay trunk service international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005 international: country code - 61-891; satellite earth stations - one Intelsat earth station provides telephone and telex service (2000)
Telephones - main lines in use	60,000 (1997)	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	over 180,000 (January 2003)	NA
Television broadcast stations	2 (plus a cable TV service) (1997)	NA
Terrain	mostly rough and mountainous	steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Total fertility rate	4.86 children born/woman (2003 est.)	NA
Unemployment rate	widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (2002 est.)	-
Waterways	NEGL; less than 100 km navigable	-

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